
![]() |
| Leaflets that were dropped by Israeli forces, ordering residents of Gaza City to evacuate, fall next to a damaged building, in Gaza City, September 29, 2025. [Ebrahim Hajjaj/Reuters] |
The United States president’s 20-point ceasefire proposal in Gaza includes many ambiguous provisions that could be decisive for the future of Palestine and the region.
When presenting it in the White House on Monday, alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President Donald Trump hailed the plan as historic. But figuring out the details for some of its elements will likely be a major challenge to its implementation.
Here are five unresolved issues with the proposal:
The proposal envisions a “temporary transitional governance of a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee” that would oversee the territory’s affairs. But it does not detail how the panel will be formed or who will select its members.
Moreover, the plan says that Trump and Toni Blair, the United Kingdom’s former prime minister, would lead a “board of peace” that would supervise the governing committee. But the roadmap does not explain the nature of the relationship between this board and the Palestinian committee, or at what level the day-to-day decisions would be made.
Trump’s plan says that the transitional authorities would take control of Gaza until “such time as the Palestinian Authority (PA) has completed its reform” programme and “can securely and effectively take back control of Gaza”. Yet, it remains unclear who would certify that the PA is ready to take over Gaza or what benchmarks must be met for the PA to handle the governance of the territory.
There are no timetables, just a vague pronouncement.
The proposal’s language additionally treats Gaza as an independent entity, not one that is part of Palestine, that must be unified with the rest of occupied Palestinian territory.
Netanyahu, meanwhile, who said he agreed to the proposal, has all but ruled out a return of the PA to Gaza.
“Gaza will be administered neither by Hamas, nor by the Palestinian Authority,” the Israeli prime minister said, standing alongside Trump.
The plan says that Gaza would be secured by “a temporary International Stabilisation Force”, but where would it come from, and what would its mandate be?
It is not clear what countries are willing to send troops to Gaza, or which ones would be acceptable under the plan.
The proposal also does not spell out the responsibilities and rules of engagement of the would-be peacekeepers.
Would they act as an army, police force, or observer force? Would they be tasked with taking on Hamas? Would they be able to fight Israeli troops to protect Palestinians?
The proposal says that Israel would withdraw from Gaza “based on standards, milestones, and timeframes linked to demilitarisation”.
Again, the provision does not set a schedule for the Israeli withdrawal or clear standards for how and when it would happen.
Moreover, it says that Israel would hold onto a “security perimeter” in Gaza until the territory “is properly secure from any resurgent terror threat”.
But there is no word on who would ultimately decide when these conditions are met.
During his news conference on Monday, Trump said that several allies had “foolishly recognised the Palestinian state… but they’re really, I think, doing that because they’re very tired of what’s going on”.
The proposal makes a reference to the prospect of Palestinian statehood behind a thick wall of cloudiness, conditions and qualifiers.
“While Gaza re-development advances and when the PA reform programme is faithfully carried out, the conditions may finally be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, which we recognise as the aspiration of the Palestinian people,” it says.
So, Gaza development and PA “reforms” are set as conditions. And even then, discussions for a Palestinian state “may” be in place. It is not guaranteed.
Moreover, the proposal does not recognise the right to Palestinian statehood. Rather, it acknowledges statehood as something that Palestinians are seeking.
Like the other provisions, this one is also shrouded in vagueness and ambiguity.



![]() |
| Smoke rises from an Israeli air strike on the Macca Tower, a high-rise building in Gaza City, on September 28, 2025 [Yousef Al Zanoun/AP Photo] The White House has unveiled a 20-point proposal it says could bring an immediate halt to Israel’s war on Gaza, which has killed more than 66,000 Palestinians and left the Palestinian enclave in ruins. If the plan is accepted by both sides, the war is to end immediately with all captives held in Gaza alive and dead returned within 72 hours and Palestinian prisoners released. The Gaza Strip is to be temporarily governed by a Palestinian technocratic government with no role for Hamas, and Israel will not annex Gaza. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has accepted Trump’s plans, but Hamas official Mahmoud Mardawi told Al Jazeera that the group has not yet received Trump’s written Gaza peace plan. More HERE ![]() |

![]() |
| Flak jackets and cameras are placed on the bodies of journalists after they were killed in Israeli strikes on Nasser hospital, in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip [File: Reuters] |


![]() |
| Thousands attended the "Arrest Netanyahu" protest in New York, condemning his presence at the UN despite the ICC's warrant for his arrest, on 26 September (Maysa Mustafa) As Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke to a half-empty room at the UN General Assembly, thousands of protesters were gathered in Times Square to condemn his presence in New York City. Netanyahu was issued an arrest warrant by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in November 2024, on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly committed in Gaza since October 2023. All members of the ICC, which includes the United States, are legally obliged to enforce the warrants, though Hungary, an Israeli ally, has officially begun the process of withdrawal from the ICC. More HERE ![]() |

| Israeli forces demolished homes in the Palestinian village of Ein Al-Hilweh, northern Jordan Valley. Israeli forces killed 416 Palestinians between September 10 and 17, bringing the total number of confirmed fatalities since October 2023 to 65,062, with 165,697 injured — a count universally recognized as an undercount (some scholars have estimated the true count is closer to 680,000). Israeli bombardment has damaged 11 UNRWA shelters housing 11,000 displaced people in Gaza City within five days. The offensive triggered a massive forced displacement — at least 125,600 newly displaced people recorded in one week, representing 51% of the 246,800 newly displaced people since mid-August.....MORE ![]() |
![]() |
| Philippe Lazzarini, the commissioner-general of UNRWA, has praised the agency's staff for delivering aid in Gaza amid challenging conditions [File: Mohamed Abd El-Ghany/Reuters] |






![]() |
| For doctors at Gaza City's al-Shifa Hospital, leaving is not an option [File: Screengrab/Al Jazeera] |




![]() |
| People outside al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City mourn for victims of an Israeli attack on 3 September. Photograph: Xinhua/Shutterstock |
